Which of the following are included in AWS Assurance Programs?

The correct choice highlights the elements that are specifically part of AWS Assurance Programs, which focus on the compliance and governance aspects of AWS services. Assurance Programs provide mechanisms to help customers understand AWS's adherence to various laws, regulations, and privacy requirements, ensuring that the company's services meet industry standards for security and compliance.

Certifications and attestations are critical as they demonstrate that AWS has undergone third-party audits and evaluations to validate its compliance with specific regulations and standards. This aspect is vital for businesses that operate in regulated industries and must ensure that their cloud provider meets necessary compliance requirements.

In contrast, the other choices focus on different operational aspects of AWS services rather than compliance and assurance. Backup solutions and disaster recovery, while important for data resilience, do not fall under assurance programs. Cost management and resource tracking pertain to the financial management of AWS resources, and service monitoring and incident response address operational issues rather than compliance-related assurances. Hence, the option that involves certifications, laws, regulations, and privacy stands out as being directly related to AWS Assurance Programs.