What may Elastic Load Balancing health checks include?

Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) health checks are designed to determine the availability and operational status of EC2 instances behind the load balancer. The correct choice includes various methods that ELB employs to check if an instance can handle requests effectively.

An EC2 instance status check assesses the basic health of the underlying infrastructure, ensuring that the instance is up and running. A connection attempt allows the load balancer to verify that it can successfully connect to the application running on the instance, confirming that it is receptive to traffic. A ping serves as a basic connectivity check, where the load balancer sends a request to the instance and expects a response within a set timeframe, indicating the instance is operational.

The other options describe checks that do not directly pertain to the specific health checks executed by Elastic Load Balancing. For instance, security group verification and IAM role checks are more related to access control and permissions rather than assessing instance health. Similarly, latency and throughput checks evaluate performance metrics rather than connectivity or operational status, while volume checks and load tests focus on the capacity and stress handling of the application, which falls outside the basic health check definitions used by ELB. Thus, the first option accurately reflects the pertinent health checks conducted by Elastic Load Balancing.